“Present continuous” yoki “Present progressive tense” ingliz tilida hozirgi davomli zamonni bildirib u egaga “to be” yordamchi fe’lining hozirgi zamon shakli va fe’lning hozirgi zamon sifatdosh shakli qo’shilishi yordamida yasaladi.
S+am\is\are+V+ing
O’zbek tiliga “-moqda”, “-yapti” deb tugagan gaplarga to’gri keladi.
Present continuous quyidagi ish haraktlarni ifodalaydi:
- So’zlovchining nutqi davomida bajarilayotgan ish-haraktlar. Bunda “now”, “right now”, “at the moment” payt ravishlari bilan qo’llaniladi.
Misol: The teacher is explaining a new theme.
The sun is shining.
- “Present continuous” zamoni hozirgi davr oralig’ida, shu kunlarda bo’layotgan ish harakatlarni ifodalaydi:
Misol: The price of petrol is increasing
I am preparing for the IELTS exam these days
- Yaqinda boshlangan odatlar yoki vaqtinchalik ish-harakatlarni ifodalaydi.
Misol: John is smoking so much.
I am jogging every morning.
- Hozirgi zamondagi norozilik, shikoyatni bildirgan gaplar shu zamonda keladi. Bunda “constantly”, “always”, “forever” singari ravishlar bilan birga ishlatiladi.
Misol: he is always losing the cards!
They are constanly interrupting my lessons!
- Yaqin kelajakdagi oldindan rejalashtirilgan yoki bo’lishi kutilayotgan ish-harakatlarni ifodalaydi. Bunda kelasi zamon payt ravishlari bilan birga qo’llaniladi.
Misol: What are you doing at the weekend?
I am visiting my grandmother this week.
Quyidagi fe’llar hozirgi davomli zamon ma’nosida kelsa ham, bu zamonda emas, “Present simple” (hozirgi oddiy zamon) da qo’llaniladi.
Fikrini ifoda etishni bildiradigan fe’llar:
- to assume-..deb o’ylamoq
- to believe-ishonmoq
- to consider-hisoblamoq
- to doubt-shubxa qilmoq
- to feel (= to think)-o’ylamoq
- to find (= to consider)-hisoblamoq
- to suppose-taxmin qilmoq
- to think-o’ylamoq
Aqliy holatni bildiradigan fe’llar:
- to forget-unutmoq
- to imagine-tasavvur qilmoq
- to know-bilmoq
- to mean-ma’no anglatmoq
- to notice-payqamoq
- to recognise-tanimoq
- to remember-eslamoq
- to understand-tushunmoq
hislarni bildirgan fe’llar:
- to envy-hasad qilmoq
- to fear-qo’rqmoq
- to dislike-yoqtirmaslik
- to hate-nafratlanmoq
- to hope-umid qilmoq
- to like-yoqtirmoq
- to love-sevmoq
- to prefer-afzal ko’rmoq
- to regret-afsuslanmoq
- to want-xohlamoq
- to wish-istamoq, tilamoq
Inkor shakli “to be” yordamchi fe’liga “not” inkor yuklamasini qo’shish orqali yasaladi.
S+am\is\are+not+V+ing
Misol: Tom is not using the internet
So’roq shakli “to be” yordamchi fe’lini egadan oldinga qo’yish orqali yasaladi.
am\is\are +S +V+ing?
Misol: is Lusy starting a new job next Monday?
Fe’llarga hozirgi zamon sifatdosh shaklini yasash uchun “-ing” qo’shimchasini qo’shganda quyidagi fonetik o’zgarishlar sodir bo’ladi:
-aksariyat fe’llar “-ing” ni o’zgarishsiz qabul qiladi: play-playing, go-going
-agarda consonant +”e” ya’ni bitta undosh tovush va undan keyin “e” unli tovushi bilan tugagan bo’lsa, “-ing” qo’shilganida, “e” tovushi tushib qoladi: come-coming, live-living. (be-being bundan mustasno)
-agarda fe’l “ie” harflar birikmasi bilan tugagan bo’lsa, u “ying” ga o’zgarib ketadi: die-dying, lie-lying.
– agarda fe’l “1 vowel+1 consonant” ya’ni bitta unlidan so’ng kelgan bitta undosh harf bilan tugagan bo’lsa, oxiridagi undosh harf ikkilanadi: shop-shopping, put-putting. Bunda oxirdagi undosh harf “y”, “w” yoki “x” harfi bo’lsa, qoidadan mustasno: mix-mixing, snow-snowing, play-playing. Agar oxirgi bo’g’in urg’u olmasa ham qoidadan mustasno: listen-listening, visit-visiting.